Hi I am new to micro-controllers and programming them. I learned to program the 16F84 but I can't go to practice what I have learned because I program it in assembly while the programmer software can take a hex or bin file to program the uc. What I need is a tool that can converts asm file to hex file, I knew that each uc has its instructions and therefore there is no difinite converter tool for all ucs, but I need it for PICs and maybe in the tool they ask about the type and name/number of the IC.
Asm to Hex conversion? It is just that with my software I am not supposed to distribute. A nice thing would be to have the ASM->HEX converter and this is when. Online HEX To ARM Converter. Current Successful Conversions: 219552 * Input your HEX string above then enter an offset (optional - useful for branch instructions), select the architecture and click 'Convert'. The little endian instruction will display in the output box below. The outputted instruction can also be useful since you can modify it and then convert it back to HEX using our ARM.
So i've been trying to learn some Embedded/Assembly programming for a bit here lately, as well as going far as trying to learn the lowest level (gates and such). One thing puzzles me though.is how do we 'get' instruction sets. I understand somewhat how gates/TTL and such works, but I don't see how we get from that to mov,add,clr etc.? It's probably a stupid question.but I mean I think back to the first micro-processors/controllers and think.how exactly did they design an instruction set and make it work? Edit: I guess for Clarity, pretend im talking about the first microprocessor, how did they go from Binary to actually creating an Instruction Set?
How did they go from Binary to actually creating an Instruction Set? Actually, 'they' didn't -- it's the other way around, at least generally.
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The CPU designer(s) determine the operations that the CPU will perform, then they create the instruction set from that, and then they map the instructions (mnemonics) to opcodes (binary machine code). @Scott Whitlock provided a good answer below, I just wanted to address the last part of your question because your assumption, in my experience at least, is backward. – Sep 26 '11 at 20:04 •.
The heart of a CPU is the. It's responsible for taking an instruction (like MOV) which is just some pre-defined series of binary digits, and also taking 0, 1, or 2 operands, and performing the applicable operation on them. The simplest instruction could be a NOP (no operation) which essentially does nothing. Another typical operation is ADD (adds two values).
The ALU reads and writes data from and to 'registers'. These are small memory locations internal to the CPU. Part of the instruction (2 to 3 bits for each input depending on how many registers you have) indicates which register to read from.
There are units in the CPU external to the ALU that handle loading required data (and the instruction) from memory into registers, and writing the result from registers back into memory. The location to write the result will also be encoded into another 2 or 3 bits.
The choice of 'op codes', which is the binary number that represents an operation, is not arbitrary. Well-chosen opcodes reduce the complexity of the ALU. Each bit or group of bits tends to enable and disable certain logic gate in the ALU.